私

私	U+79C1, 私 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79C1

Tignan din: 厶

Maramihang Wika

Ayos ng Istrok

Karakter na Han

私 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹木戈 (HDI), four-corner 2293₀, composition ⿰禾厶)

Sanggunian

Kangxi Dictionary: page 849, character 5

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24913

Dae Jaweon: page 1271, character 2

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2589, character 6

Unihan data for U+79C1

Wikang Tsino

simp. and trad.		私

Pinagmulang Glipo

Characters in the same phonetic series (厶) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
私	*sil
厶	*sil

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sil) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 厶 (OC *sil) – pribadong palay o palayan.

Pinalitan ang orihinal na anyo na 厶.

Pagbaybay

Mandarin
(Pamantayan)
(Pinyin): sī (si¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄙ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сы (sɨ, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): si¹
Gan (Wiktionary): si¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂

(Hailu, HRS): sii^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): si¹
Jin (Wiktionary): si¹
Northern Min (KCR): sú
Eastern Min (BUC): sĭ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): si¹ / so¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sai / sir / su / si

(Teochew, Peng'im): se¹ / sai¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹sy
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sr¹

Mandarin
- (Pamantayang Chino)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sī
  - Zhuyin: ㄙ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sih
  - Wade–Giles: ssŭ¹
  - Yale: sz̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sy
  - Palladius: сы (sy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сы (sɨ, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: si¹
  - Yale: sī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: si¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: si¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: si¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sz̩⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: si¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: si¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: si
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬi⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: si¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬi⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: so¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬo⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: so¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬo⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

si1 - vernacular;
so1 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sai
  - Tâi-lô: sai
  - Phofsit Daibuun: say
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sai³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sai⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sir
  - Tâi-lô: sir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
  - Tâi-lô: su
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sw
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /su⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si
  - Tâi-lô: si
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sy
  - IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /si³³/

Note:

sai - vernacular;
sir/su - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: se¹ / sai¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ / sai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɯ³³/, /sai³³/

Note:

se1 - literary;
sai1 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹sy
  - MiniDict: sy^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: sr¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩³³/

Middle Chinese: sij

Rime
Character	私
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息夷切
Baxter	sij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/si/
Shao Rongfen	/sjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/si/
Li Rong	/si/
Wang Li	/si/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]əj/

(Zhengzhang): /*sil/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	私
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sī
Middle Chinese	‹ sij ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]əj/
English	private
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	私
Reading #	1/1
No.	11949
Phonetic component	厶
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	私
Old Chinese	/*sil/

Kahulugan

私

sarili; personal; pribado
私人 ― sīrén ― personal

私有 ― sīyǒu ― pribado
selfish
自私 ― zìsī ― makasarili

Wikang Hapon

Kanji

私

(Kanjing kyōiku na pang-baitang 6)

pribado, personal
ako, me

Pagbasa

Go-on: し (shi)
Kan-on: し (shi)
Kun: わたくし (watakushi), わたし (watashi), わっし (wasshi) (non-Jōyō reading), わし (washi) (non-Jōyō reading), わい (wai) (non-Jōyō reading), わたい (watai) (non-Jōyō reading), わて (wate) (non-Jōyō reading), わちき (wachiki) (non-Jōyō reading), あて (ate) (non-Jōyō reading), あたし (atashi) (non-Jōyō reading), あたい (atai) (non-Jōyō reading), あし (ashi) (non-Jōyō reading), あっし (asshi) (non-Jōyō reading), ひそか (hisoka) (non-Jōyō reading)

Pagbaybay

(Tokyo) わたし [wàtáshí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [β̞a̠ta̠ɕi]

Panghalip

私(わたし) (watashi)

{私(わたくし) (watakushi) (masyadong pormal)

{私(あたし) (atashi) (kadalasang ginagamit ng mga kababaihan kapag tinutukoy ang sarili)

Ako; I panghalip panao (una)
私(わたし)はイギリス人(じん)です。
Watashi wa igirisu-jin desu.
Ako' ay isang Ingles.

私(わたし)は誰(だれ)ですか。
Watashi wa dare desu ka.
Sino ako?

Tanda sa paggamit

Ginagamit ang わたし bilang isang kadalasang termininong magalang upang tukuyin ang sarili; Ang わたくし ay pormal, at ginagamit lamang sa ilang sitwasyon, tulad na lamang ng tagaanunsyo sa telebisyon o pampublikong tao tulad na lamang ng mga politiko. Sa paguusap, masyadong pormal ang termino sa kaswal na paguusap ng lalaki, kaya ang mga terminong tulad ng 俺 (para sa lalaki) ang ginagamit.

Mga panghalip panao ng Wikang Hapon

Mga panghalip panao ng Wikang Hapon batay sa nagsasalita at pangyayari ayon kay Yuko Saegusa, Concerning the First Personal Pronoun of Native Japanese Speakers (2009)

Panghalip panao ng mga mag-aaral sa elementarya (2008)
Nagsasalita	Pangyayari	1	2	3
Babae	Sa kaibigan	うち 49%	Unang pangalan 26%	あたし 15%
	Sa pamilya	Unang pangalan 33%	あたし 29%	うち 23%
	Sa klase	わたし 86%	あたし 7%	うち 6%
	Sa hindi kilala	わたし 75%	あたし, unang pangalan, うち 8% sa bawat isa
	Sa guro sa klase	わたし 66%	Unang pangalan 13%	あたし 9%
Lalaki	Sa kaibigan	おれ 72%	ぼく 19%	Unang pangalan 4%
	Sa pamilya	おれ 62%	ぼく 23%	うち 6%
	Sa klase	ぼく 85%	おれ 13%	Unang pangalan, palayaw 1% bawat isa
	Sa hindi kilala	ぼく 64%	おれ 26%	Unang pangalan 4%
	Sa guro sa klase	ぼく 67%	おれ 27%	Unang pangalan 3%

Panghalip panao ng mga mag-aaral sa kolehiyo (2009)
Nagsasalita	Pangyayari	1	2	3
Babae	Sa kaibigan	うち 39%	あたし 30%	わたし 22%
	Sa pamilya	あたし 28%	Unang pangalan 27%	うち 18%
	Sa klase	わたし 89%	あたし 7%	自分 3%
	Sa hindi kilala	わたし 81%	あたし 10%	自分 6%
	Sa guro sa klase	わたし 77%	あたし 17%	自分 7%
Lalaki	Sa kaibigan	おれ 87%	うち 4%	わたし, 自分 2% bawat isa
	In the family	おれ 88%	ぼく, 自分 5% bawat isa
	Sa klase	わたし 48%	自分 28%	ぼく 22%
	Sa hindi kilala	ぼく 36%	自分 29%	わたし 22%
	Sa guro sa klase	自分 38%	ぼく 29%	わたし 22%

Tignan Din

俺(おれ) (ore)
小生(しょうせい) (shōsei)
小職(しょうしょく) (shōshoku)
朕(ちん) (chin)
僕(ぼく) (boku): Ako (kadalasang ginagamit ng mga lalaki)
余(よ) (yo)
我(われ) (ware)
儂(わし) (washi)

Koreano

Hanja

私 (sa) (hangeul 사, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

pribado, personal

Biyetnames

Karakter na Han

(hindi na ginagamit ang paggamit ng padron) 私 (tư, tây)

pribado, personal

↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Hapones), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (sa Wikang Hapon), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Hapones), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (sa Wikang Hapon), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3

[1]

[2]